Rotenone

Rotenone is an mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

Product information

CAS Number: 83-79-4

Molecular Weight: 394.42

Formula: C23H22O6

Chemical Name: (1S, 6R, 13S)-16, 17-dimethoxy-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2, 7, 20-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.0, .0, .0, ]henicosa-3, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18-hexaen-12-one

Smiles: CC(=C)[C@H]1CC2C(=CC=C3C(=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H](COC5=CC(OC)=C(C=C54)OC)OC=23)O1

InChiKey: JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N

InChi: InChI=1S/C23H22O6/c1-11(2)16-8-14-15(28-16)6-5-12-22(24)21-13-7-18(25-3)19(26-4)9-17(13)27-10-20(21)29-23(12)14/h5-7,9,16,20-21H,1,8,10H2,2-4H3/t16-,20-,21+/m1/s1

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Solubility: DMSO : 50 mg/mL (126.77 mM; Need ultrasonic) H2O : 0.1 mg/mL (0.25 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥360 days if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Toll-like receptor, Wnt, and Ras signaling pathways are intensively involved in the effect of rotenone on the ENS. Rotenone-induced cell death is reduced by MCE treatment as measured by decline in the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, MCE treatment significantly augments the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and blocks the release of cytochrome c, thereby alleviating the rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss, as evidenced by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining in the striatum.

In Vivo:

Rotenone causes a significant increase in the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters; glutamate and aspartate together with a significant decrease in the inhibitory amino acids, GABA, glycine and taurine are observed in the cerebellum of rat model of PD. Rotenone (1.5, 2, or 2.5 mg/kg) causes a dose-dependent increase in α-synuclein in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, at 2 and 2.5 mg/kg, rotenone causes a significant decrease in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, and dopamine in the striatum in rats.

References:

1. Khadrawy YA, et al. Cerebellar neurochemical and histopathological changes in rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by intrastriatal injection of rotenone. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2016 Nov 30.
2. Guan Q, et al. RNA-Seq Expression Analysis of Enteric Neuron Cells with Rotenone Treatment and Prediction of Regulated Pathways. Neurochem Res. 2016 Nov 30.
3. Kishore Kumar SN, et al. Morinda citrifolia mitigates rotenone-induced striatal neuronal loss in male Sprague-Dawley rats by preventing mitochondrial pathway of intrinsic apoptosis. Redox Rep. 2016 Nov 24:1-12.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.