Alexidine dihydrochloride

Alexidine dihydrochloride is an anticancer agent that targets a mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase, PTPMT1, in mammalian cells and causes mitochondrial apoptosis. Alexidine dihydrochloride has antifungal and antibiofilm activity against a diverse range of fungal pathogens.

Product information

CAS Number: 1715-30-6

Molecular Weight: 581.71

Formula: C26H58Cl2N10

Chemical Name: 1-[N'-(2-ethylhexyl)carbamimidamido]-N-(6-{N'-[N-(2-ethylhexyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidamido}hexyl)methanimidamide dihydrochloride

Smiles: Cl.Cl.CCCCC(CNC(=N)NC(=N)NCCCCCCNC(=N)NC(=N)NCC(CCCC)CC)CC

InChiKey: BRJJFBHTDVWTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi: InChI=1S/C26H56N10.2ClH/c1-5-9-15-21(7-3)19-33-25(29)35-23(27)31-17-13-11-12-14-18-32-24(28)36-26(30)34-20-22(8-4)16-10-6-2;;/h21-22H,5-20H2,1-4H3,(H5,27,29,31,33,35)(H5,28,30,32,34,36);2*1H

Technical Data

Appearance: Solid Power

Purity: ≥98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Solubility: DMSO : 250 mg/mL (429.77 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical or refer to Certificate of Analysis

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and -20 ^oC for 1 year or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Shelf Life: ≥360 days if stored properly.

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 ^oC for 1 month or refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Drug Formulation: To be determined

HS Tariff Code: 382200

How to use

In Vitro:

Alexidine dihydrochloride displays activity against most Candida spp.; MIC values of ≤1.5 μg/mL are observed for all isolates tested under planktonic conditions, with the exception of Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. Interestingly, Alexidine dihydrochloride also displays striking activity against clinically relevant fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates: C. albicans (CA2, CA6, and CA10), C. glabrata (CG2 and CG5), C. parapsilosis (CP5), and C. auris (CAU-09 and CAU-03). Inhibition of planktonic growth by Alexidine dihydrochloride reveals a complete inhibition of filamentation or proliferation of the imaged fungi. Alexidine dihydrochloride is able to decimate at low concentrations (1.5 to 6 μg/mL) mature biofilms of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus spp. that are known to be resistant to almost all classes of antifungal drugs. In fact, at 10-fold-lower concentrations (150 ng/mL) of planktonic MICs, Alexidine dihydrochloride could inhibit lateral yeast formation and biofilm dispersal in C. albicans. Alexidine dihydrochloride results in 50% killing of HUVECs and lung epithelial cells, at concentrations 5- to 10-fold higher than the MIC required to kill planktonically growing fungal pathogens.

In Vivo:

Chosen to focus on biofilm formation by C. albicans, since a murine biofilm model has been well established in this fungus and used for testing the effects of established and new antifungal agents. The effect of the drugs on the 24-h-old biofilms growing in the jugular vein catheters of mice is visualized microscopically, which reveals significantly lower density of the biofilms in catheters treated with Alexidine dihydrochloride. In fact, fungal CFU determination reveals that Alexidine dihydrochloride inhibits 67% of fungal biofilm growth and viability, compared to the control untreated biofilms.

References:

1. Mamouei Z, et al. Alexidine Dihydrochloride Has Broad-Spectrum Activities against Diverse Fungal Pathogens. mSphere. 2018 Oct 31;3(5). pii: e00539-18.

Products are for research use only. Not for human use.